Difference between revisions of "X Windows"

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{{#seo:
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|title=X Windows
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titlemode=append
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|keywords=X Windows Systems,X Utilities,xinit,X Forwarding
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|description=The X Windows System (also known as X11, X, and X-Windows)  is a windowing system, common on Linux and Unix-like operating systems.
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}}
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The X Windows System (also known as X11, X, and X-Windows)  is a windowing system, common on Linux and Unix-like operating systems. X provides the basic framework for a windowed GUI environment. Drawing and moving windows on the display as well as interaction with the keyboard and mouse are handled by X.  Many EMAC machines use an X server to provide the graphical user interface; others use a framebuffer.  To determine which type is used on a specific machine, consult the machine's documentation.
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== Utilities ==
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The following list is a collection of common X utilities included on Standard EMAC OE builds.
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<cl>
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* <u>xdpyinfo</u>
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:<code>xdpyinfo</code> is a utility for displaying information about the X server.  This utility may not work unless it is run from a graphical terminal within the X server session.
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* <u>xinit</u>
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:<code>xinit</code> is the low-level utility that is used to start the X server.
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* <u>startx</u>
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:<code>startx</code> is the high level utility for starting X.  It starts X with the configured desktop manager.
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* <u>/etc/init.d/xserver-nodm</u>
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:<code>/etc/init.d/xserver-nodm</code> is the init script found on EMAC OE Linux systems which have an X server.  This is normally the correct script to use for starting and stopping the X server.  When passed <code>start</code> as the only argument, this script will launch the X server, output log information about the startup process, then return the user to the shell (by forking the launcher into a daemon).  Pass <code>stop</code> to this script to shut down the X server properly.
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* <u>xkbcomp</u>
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:<code>xkbcomp</code> is a keymap compiler that is most commonly used to create a <code>.xkm</code> keymap file to be read by X servers or utilities.
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* <u>xmodmap</u>
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:<code>xmodmap</code> is a utility that is used for modifying keymaps.
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* <u>xrandr</u>
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:<code>xrandr</code> is used to set the size, orientation and/or reflection of the outputs for a screen.
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* <u>xscreensaver</u>
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:The <code>xscreensaver</code> program waits until the keyboard and mouse have been idle for a period, and then runs a graphics demo chosen at random.
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* <u>xset</u>
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:<code>xset</code> is used to set various user preference options of the display.
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* <u>xterm</u>
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:The <code>xterm</code> program is a terminal emulator for the X Window System.
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* <u>xtscal</u>
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:<code>xtscal</code> calibrates the touchscreen on an X system.
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* <u>xinput</u>
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:<code>xinput</code> is a utility to list available input devices, query information about a device and change input device settings.
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</cl>
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Please refer to the <code>man</code> pages for each command to get specific instructions and options:
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<syntaxhighlight lang=console>
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developer@ldc:~# man <command>
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</syntaxhighlight>
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== SSH X Forwarding ==
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While using <code>SSH</code> to access a system running the X Windows System, it is possible to have any windows attached to a program running on the remote system appear on the local machine. To connect to the system at the IP address <code>10.0.2.41</code> with X forwarding, enter the following command:
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<syntaxhighlight lang=console>
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developer@ldc:~# ssh -X user@10.0.2.41
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</syntaxhighlight>
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Other than the ''-X'' option, the procedure for logging in is the same as that listed on the [[System_Log_In#SSH | System Login Page]].
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To verify that X forwarding is enabled, the following command may be entered:
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<syntaxhighlight lang=console>
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user@emac-oe:~# xclock &
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</syntaxhighlight>
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This will open a small analog clock in a window on the host machine. The window can be closed after verifying the correct functionality.
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Alternatively, the <code>xclock</code> program can be run with X forwarding with one <code>ssh</code> command:
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<syntaxhighlight lang=console>
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user@ldc:~# ssh -X user@10.0.2.41 "xclock"
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</syntaxhighlight>
  
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The X Windows System (also known as X11, X, and X-Windows)  is a windowing system, common on Linux and Unix-like operating systems. X provides the basic framework for a windowed GUI environment. Drawing and moving windows on the display as well as interacting with the keyboard and mouse are handled by X.
 
  
 
== Links ==
 
== Links ==
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* [http://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.7/doc/ X11R7.7 User Documentation]
 
* [http://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.7/doc/ X11R7.7 User Documentation]
 
* [http://keithp.com/~keithp/talks/ Keith Packard Talks]
 
* [http://keithp.com/~keithp/talks/ Keith Packard Talks]
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* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config X11 Config for Ubuntu]
 
</cl>
 
</cl>
  
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* [http://www.x.org/wiki/guide/ New Developer Guide]
 
* [http://www.x.org/wiki/guide/ New Developer Guide]
 
* [http://tronche.com/gui/x/xlib/ Xlib Manual]
 
* [http://tronche.com/gui/x/xlib/ Xlib Manual]
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* [http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/requirements-x11.html Qt for X11]
 
</cl>
 
</cl>
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==See Also==
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[http://wikidev.emacinc.com/wiki/Framebuffer Framebuffer]
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<!--[[Category:Graphics]]-->

Latest revision as of 08:49, 11 April 2014

TODO: {{#todo:SEOKWREV (12.19.13-12:10->KY+)(12.19.13-15:50->MG+)(03.06.14-14:50->BS-);(04.11.14-09:50->BS+)|Klint Youngmeyer|oe 4,oe 5,ky,mg,SEOKWREV,md,bs}}

The X Windows System (also known as X11, X, and X-Windows) is a windowing system, common on Linux and Unix-like operating systems. X provides the basic framework for a windowed GUI environment. Drawing and moving windows on the display as well as interaction with the keyboard and mouse are handled by X. Many EMAC machines use an X server to provide the graphical user interface; others use a framebuffer. To determine which type is used on a specific machine, consult the machine's documentation.

Utilities

The following list is a collection of common X utilities included on Standard EMAC OE builds.

  • xdpyinfo

    xdpyinfo is a utility for displaying information about the X server. This utility may not work unless it is run from a graphical terminal within the X server session.

  • xinit

    xinit is the low-level utility that is used to start the X server.

  • startx

    startx is the high level utility for starting X. It starts X with the configured desktop manager.

  • /etc/init.d/xserver-nodm

    /etc/init.d/xserver-nodm is the init script found on EMAC OE Linux systems which have an X server. This is normally the correct script to use for starting and stopping the X server. When passed start as the only argument, this script will launch the X server, output log information about the startup process, then return the user to the shell (by forking the launcher into a daemon). Pass stop to this script to shut down the X server properly.

  • xkbcomp

    xkbcomp is a keymap compiler that is most commonly used to create a .xkm keymap file to be read by X servers or utilities.

  • xmodmap

    xmodmap is a utility that is used for modifying keymaps.

  • xrandr

    xrandr is used to set the size, orientation and/or reflection of the outputs for a screen.

  • xscreensaver

    The xscreensaver program waits until the keyboard and mouse have been idle for a period, and then runs a graphics demo chosen at random.

  • xset

    xset is used to set various user preference options of the display.

  • xterm

    The xterm program is a terminal emulator for the X Window System.

  • xtscal

    xtscal calibrates the touchscreen on an X system.

  • xinput

    xinput is a utility to list available input devices, query information about a device and change input device settings.


Please refer to the man pages for each command to get specific instructions and options: 

developer@ldc:~# man <command>


SSH X Forwarding

While using SSH to access a system running the X Windows System, it is possible to have any windows attached to a program running on the remote system appear on the local machine. To connect to the system at the IP address 10.0.2.41 with X forwarding, enter the following command: 

developer@ldc:~# ssh -X user@10.0.2.41

Other than the -X option, the procedure for logging in is the same as that listed on the System Login Page.

To verify that X forwarding is enabled, the following command may be entered: 

user@emac-oe:~# xclock &

This will open a small analog clock in a window on the host machine. The window can be closed after verifying the correct functionality.

Alternatively, the xclock program can be run with X forwarding with one ssh command: 

user@ldc:~# ssh -X user@10.0.2.41 "xclock"


Links

The following are links to detailed documentation relating to the X Windows System.

General

Toolkits

X Development


See Also

Framebuffer


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