Difference between revisions of "X Windows"
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+ | |||
+ | {{#seo: | ||
+ | |title=X Windows | ||
+ | titlemode=append | ||
+ | |keywords=X Windows Systems,X Utilities,xinit,X Forwarding | ||
+ | |description=The X Windows System (also known as X11, X, and X-Windows) is a windowing system, common on Linux and Unix-like operating systems. | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | The X Windows System (also known as X11, X, and X-Windows) is a windowing system, common on Linux and Unix-like operating systems. X provides the basic framework for a windowed GUI environment. Drawing and moving windows on the display as well as interaction with the keyboard and mouse are handled by X. Many EMAC machines use an X server to provide the graphical user interface; others use a framebuffer. To determine which type is used on a specific machine, consult the machine's documentation. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Utilities == | ||
+ | The following list is a collection of common X utilities included on Standard EMAC OE builds. | ||
+ | <cl> | ||
+ | * <u>xdpyinfo</u> | ||
+ | :<code>xdpyinfo</code> is a utility for displaying information about the X server. This utility may not work unless it is run from a graphical terminal within the X server session. | ||
+ | * <u>xinit</u> | ||
+ | :<code>xinit</code> is the low-level utility that is used to start the X server. | ||
+ | * <u>startx</u> | ||
+ | :<code>startx</code> is the high level utility for starting X. It starts X with the configured desktop manager. | ||
+ | * <u>/etc/init.d/xserver-nodm</u> | ||
+ | :<code>/etc/init.d/xserver-nodm</code> is the init script found on EMAC OE Linux systems which have an X server. This is normally the correct script to use for starting and stopping the X server. When passed <code>start</code> as the only argument, this script will launch the X server, output log information about the startup process, then return the user to the shell (by forking the launcher into a daemon). Pass <code>stop</code> to this script to shut down the X server properly. | ||
+ | * <u>xkbcomp</u> | ||
+ | :<code>xkbcomp</code> is a keymap compiler that is most commonly used to create a <code>.xkm</code> keymap file to be read by X servers or utilities. | ||
+ | * <u>xmodmap</u> | ||
+ | :<code>xmodmap</code> is a utility that is used for modifying keymaps. | ||
+ | * <u>xrandr</u> | ||
+ | :<code>xrandr</code> is used to set the size, orientation and/or reflection of the outputs for a screen. | ||
+ | * <u>xscreensaver</u> | ||
+ | :The <code>xscreensaver</code> program waits until the keyboard and mouse have been idle for a period, and then runs a graphics demo chosen at random. | ||
+ | * <u>xset</u> | ||
+ | :<code>xset</code> is used to set various user preference options of the display. | ||
+ | * <u>xterm</u> | ||
+ | :The <code>xterm</code> program is a terminal emulator for the X Window System. | ||
+ | * <u>xtscal</u> | ||
+ | :<code>xtscal</code> calibrates the touchscreen on an X system. | ||
+ | * <u>xinput</u> | ||
+ | :<code>xinput</code> is a utility to list available input devices, query information about a device and change input device settings. | ||
+ | </cl> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Please refer to the <code>man</code> pages for each command to get specific instructions and options: | ||
+ | <syntaxhighlight lang=console> | ||
+ | developer@ldc:~# man <command> | ||
+ | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | == SSH X Forwarding == | ||
+ | While using <code>SSH</code> to access a system running the X Windows System, it is possible to have any windows attached to a program running on the remote system appear on the local machine. To connect to the system at the IP address <code>10.0.2.41</code> with X forwarding, enter the following command: | ||
+ | <syntaxhighlight lang=console> | ||
+ | developer@ldc:~# ssh -X user@10.0.2.41 | ||
+ | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
+ | Other than the ''-X'' option, the procedure for logging in is the same as that listed on the [[System_Log_In#SSH | System Login Page]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | To verify that X forwarding is enabled, the following command may be entered: | ||
+ | <syntaxhighlight lang=console> | ||
+ | user@emac-oe:~# xclock & | ||
+ | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
+ | This will open a small analog clock in a window on the host machine. The window can be closed after verifying the correct functionality. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Alternatively, the <code>xclock</code> program can be run with X forwarding with one <code>ssh</code> command: | ||
+ | <syntaxhighlight lang=console> | ||
+ | user@ldc:~# ssh -X user@10.0.2.41 "xclock" | ||
+ | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | == Links == | ||
+ | The following are links to detailed documentation relating to the X Windows System. | ||
+ | === General === | ||
+ | <cl> | ||
+ | * [http://www.x.org/wiki/ www.x.org] | ||
+ | * [http://www.x.org/wiki/UserDocumentation/GettingStarted/ Getting Started] | ||
+ | * [http://www.archive.org/details/xwindowsystemadm08muimiss X Window System Administrator's Guide] | ||
+ | * [http://ftp.x.org/pub/X11R6.9.0/doc/html/ X11R6.9 User Documentation] | ||
+ | * [http://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.7/doc/ X11R7.7 User Documentation] | ||
+ | * [http://keithp.com/~keithp/talks/ Keith Packard Talks] | ||
+ | * [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config X11 Config for Ubuntu] | ||
+ | </cl> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Toolkits === | ||
+ | <cl> | ||
+ | * [http://www.gtk.org/documentation.php GTK+] | ||
+ | * [http://doc.qt.nokia.com/latest/ Qt] | ||
+ | * [http://xcb.freedesktop.org/tutorial/ XCB] | ||
+ | </cl> | ||
+ | === X Development === | ||
+ | <cl> | ||
+ | * [http://www.x.org/wiki/Development/ Development] | ||
+ | * [http://www.x.org/wiki/guide/ New Developer Guide] | ||
+ | * [http://tronche.com/gui/x/xlib/ Xlib Manual] | ||
+ | * [http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/requirements-x11.html Qt for X11] | ||
+ | </cl> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==See Also== | ||
+ | [http://wikidev.emacinc.com/wiki/Framebuffer Framebuffer] | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!--[[Category:Graphics]]--> |
Latest revision as of 08:49, 11 April 2014
The X Windows System (also known as X11, X, and X-Windows) is a windowing system, common on Linux and Unix-like operating systems. X provides the basic framework for a windowed GUI environment. Drawing and moving windows on the display as well as interaction with the keyboard and mouse are handled by X. Many EMAC machines use an X server to provide the graphical user interface; others use a framebuffer. To determine which type is used on a specific machine, consult the machine's documentation.
Contents
Utilities
The following list is a collection of common X utilities included on Standard EMAC OE builds.
-
xdpyinfo
xdpyinfo
is a utility for displaying information about the X server. This utility may not work unless it is run from a graphical terminal within the X server session.
-
xinit
xinit
is the low-level utility that is used to start the X server.
-
startx
startx
is the high level utility for starting X. It starts X with the configured desktop manager.
-
/etc/init.d/xserver-nodm
/etc/init.d/xserver-nodm
is the init script found on EMAC OE Linux systems which have an X server. This is normally the correct script to use for starting and stopping the X server. When passedstart
as the only argument, this script will launch the X server, output log information about the startup process, then return the user to the shell (by forking the launcher into a daemon). Passstop
to this script to shut down the X server properly.
-
xkbcomp
xkbcomp
is a keymap compiler that is most commonly used to create a.xkm
keymap file to be read by X servers or utilities.
-
xmodmap
xmodmap
is a utility that is used for modifying keymaps.
-
xrandr
xrandr
is used to set the size, orientation and/or reflection of the outputs for a screen.
-
xscreensaver
- The
xscreensaver
program waits until the keyboard and mouse have been idle for a period, and then runs a graphics demo chosen at random.
- The
-
xset
xset
is used to set various user preference options of the display.
-
xterm
- The
xterm
program is a terminal emulator for the X Window System.
- The
-
xtscal
xtscal
calibrates the touchscreen on an X system.
-
xinput
xinput
is a utility to list available input devices, query information about a device and change input device settings.
Please refer to the man
pages for each command to get specific instructions and options:
developer@ldc:~# man <command>
SSH X Forwarding
While using SSH
to access a system running the X Windows System, it is possible to have any windows attached to a program running on the remote system appear on the local machine. To connect to the system at the IP address 10.0.2.41
with X forwarding, enter the following command:
developer@ldc:~# ssh -X user@10.0.2.41
Other than the -X option, the procedure for logging in is the same as that listed on the System Login Page.
To verify that X forwarding is enabled, the following command may be entered:
user@emac-oe:~# xclock &
This will open a small analog clock in a window on the host machine. The window can be closed after verifying the correct functionality.
Alternatively, the xclock
program can be run with X forwarding with one ssh
command:
user@ldc:~# ssh -X user@10.0.2.41 "xclock"
Links
The following are links to detailed documentation relating to the X Windows System.
General
Toolkits
X Development
See Also