Example SPI test

TODO: {{#todo:Buggy (2.21.14-17:40->BS+);(2.24.14-13:00->MD-)(2.28.14-17:48->BS+)(03.10.14-13:30->MD-)|Brian Serrano|oe 4,md,Buggy,bs}}

This is a guide to the spi_test example project included in the EMAC OE SDK.

The SPI protocol works in a master/slave setup. The master is responsible for sending the clock pulses. At each clock pulse, data will be sent and received. The rising or the falling clock edge will be used to synchronize the transfer depending on the CPOL setting.

SPI devices have a slave select pin. Every device will share the MISO (Master Input Slave Output), MOSI (Master Output Slave Input), and Clock pins, but each device will have its own slave select pin (also know as chip select). The slave select pin is used to set one device to be active on the bus while deactivating the rest. Theoretically, this means a virtually unlimited number of devices can be used on the same SPI bus; in practice, the number is limited by a number of factors, such as required transaction rates, mechanisms (GPIO pins, bus expanders, etc) available for selecting specific devices, and physical routing constraints. The slave select pin can be active high or active low depending on the device.

The SPI protocol defines four signal lines, but only requires three to operate properly. The fourth line is only required if you have more than one device on the SPI bus; otherwise, you can hard-wire the chip select pin of the only device on the SPI bus so that it is always selected.

This procedure provides an overview of how to compile and run the spi_test C example project. This is an example test interface for sending a transaction to an EMAC SPI device interface. It is only relevant if the EMAC SPI device interface is enabled for an external SPI device that is connected to the bus. It assumes familiarity with the C programming language and is intended to be used by experienced programmers who are looking to learn the EMAC SDK.

For more information about the SPI protocol, see the following page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface_Bus

The spi_test project builds one executable: spi_test.

Opening, Building, and Uploading the Project Files

For information on opening the project from within Eclipse, please see, Importing the EMAC OE SDK Projects with Eclipse. Then follow, Using the EMAC OE SDK Projects with Eclipse, for information on how to build, upload, and execute the example.

The example is located in the path below:

developer@ldc:~$ path/to/EMAC/SDK/projects/spi

Alternatively, the Makefile can be used with the make command from the command-line to build and upload the example. For more information on this method, please see, Using EMAC OE SDK Example Projects.

Usage and Behavior

Hardware Requirements

The spi_test C example project will run on any EMAC carrier board which has an SPI interface (see also the EMAC SPI Programming page).

Using indexed_atod_test

The indexed_atod_test program is executed from the console. It takes two parameters.

root@emac-oe~:$ ./indexed_atod_test device length

• device: Name of the indexed_atod device node.
• channel: Number of indexed_atod channels to be displayed.

File:Potentiometer Circuit.png Figure 1: Potentiometer Circuit

Figure 2: HDR8 ANALOG I/O

This example command was run on an EMAC SoM-150ES carrier board with a SoM-9G20M. This test uses a potentiometer for input to the A/D. You'll be communicating to the mcp3208 chip, which is a 8-channel 12-bit A/D converter with SPI Serial Interface. Figure 1 provides a potentiometer circuit for help on connection to the SoM-150ES carrier board.

Before running the command in the terminal, you'll want to connect the potentiometer to the carrier board. Figure 2 shows where to connect the potentiometer on Header 8 of the SoM-150ES. You'll be focusing on CARR_ANL_1 for this example. Turn the potentiometer counter-clockwise as far as it goes. You'll see the results when you run the command below. Test results will be displayed in the terminal.

root@emac-oe~:$ ./indexed_atod_test /dev/mcp3208-gpio 4
[0] = 83
[1] = 4094
[2] = 61
[3] = 267

The results that are displayed from the terminal show channel 1 analog value at 4094. All the other results are just noise coming from the mcp3208 chip.

For the second example, turn the potentiometer clockwise as far as it goes. You'll see how channel 1 results will change when running the command below. Test results will be displayed in the terminal.

root@emac-oe~:$ ./indexed_atod_test /dev/mcp3208-gpio 4
[0] = 62
[1] = 0
[2] = 10
[3] = 95

The results show channel 1 analog value at zero. You can fluctuate the value by turning the potentiometer in different directions.

Figure 3: HDR8 ANALOG I/O

Before doing example 3, you'll want to put the wiper (B) wire on pin 9 of the SoM-150ES carrier board. Figure 3 shows that pin 9 is CARR_ANL_6. Turn the potentiometer counter-clockwise about half way. You'll see how channel 6 results will change when running the command below. Test results will be displayed in the terminal.

root@emac-oe~:$ ./indexed_atod_test /dev/mcp3208-gpio 7
[0] = 53
[1] = 0
[2] = 56
[3] = 0
[4] = 29
[5] = 43
[6] = 2044

The results show channel 6 analog value at 2044, which is about half way. You can change any of the channels value with the potentiometer as long as you put the wiper pin on the channel you want to change.

Using spi_test

The spi_test program is executed from the console. It takes three parameters.

root@emac-oe~:$ ./spi_test device length mosi

• device: Name of the spi device node.
• length: Length of spi transactions in bytes.
• mosi: Hex value to be transmitted in hexadecimal.

This example command was run on an EMAC SoM-150ES carrier board. Test results will be displayed in the terminal.

root@emac-oe~:$ ./spi_test /dev/mcp3208 3 CDEF
MOSI  MISO
 CD  : 00
 EF  : 01
 FF  : 04

During the SPI clock cycle, the master sends a bit on the MOSI line; the slave then reads it from that line. Next, the slave sends a bit on the MISO line; the master then reads it from that same line.

For this example, we are using an mcp3208 device with a length of 3, and a hex value of CDEF.

root@emac-oe~:$ ./spi_test /dev/mcp3208 4 CCDD
MOSI  MISO
 CD  : 00
 EF  : 01
 FF  : AC
 FF  : 00

When using the same device, but different length and hex value, the results differ.

root@emac-oe~:$ ./spi_test /dev/mcp3208 5 EEFF
MOSI  MISO
 EE  : 00
 FF  : 00
 FF  : F8
 FF  : 00
 FF  : 00

In this third example, the results change again because of the different length and hex value.

Summary

The spi_test C example project demonstrates how to use the SPI device. SPI is simply a way to send data from device to device in a serial fashion (bit by bit). SPI provides good support for communication with peripheral devices that are accessed intermittently. This protocol is used for things like SD memory cards, MP3 decoders, memory devices, and other high speed applications.

SPI can operate at extremely high speeds (million of bytes per second), which may be too fast for some devices. It can also achieve significantly higher data rates than I²C devices or SMBus. SPI is better suited than I²C for applications that are naturally thought of as data streams (as opposed to reading and writing addressed locations in a slave device).